Geography

Affiliate Faculty, Center for Latin American Studies (LATAM)(opens in new tab)
Affiliate Faculty, Master of sustainable Development Practice

Focus Areas

• Focus Area 3: Places, Networks, & Flows
• Focus Area 4: Geopolitics & The Global Economy
• Focus Area 5: Catastrophes, Conservation, and Conflict
• Focus Area 6: Sustainability & Global Environmental Change

Research Statement

The conceptual lens for my research is derived primarily from a political economy approach. In particular, I focus attention on the manner in which social processes interact across a multiplicity of scales (i.e, individual, local, regional, national, global), and the impact these interactions have on local environments and social conditions. The theoretical underpinning of my work emphasizes the local, and considers the importance of Place as essential to understanding social and environmental problems. In an effort to examine the place-specific nature of these problems, the research strategy I employ combines both qualitative and quantitative methodologies, utilizing data and insight gained from field investigation involving household surveys and key informant interviews.

Recent Courses

• Human Environment Seminar – Graduate Level
• Human Geography Seminar – Graduate Level
• Advanced Readings in Human Geography – Space, Place, and Power – Graduate Level
• Gender Justice and Environmental Change – Theory Seminar – Graduate Level
• Geography of Development and Environment – Graduate and Undergraduate
• Cultural Geography -Undergraduate
• People and Environment Geography – Undergraduate
• World Regional Geography – Undergraduate
• Latin American Geography – Undergraduate

Recent Funded Projects

• 2021-2025

Co‐Principal Investigator. DISES: Resilient Socio‐Environmental Systems: Indigenous Territories in the Face of Change. Dynamics of Integrated Socio‐ Environmental Systems, National Science Foundation. US$998,682.

• 2016-2019

International Trade Agreements, Globalization, Land Change, and Agricultural Food Networks.” Simmons, Co-PI. $375,000. Sponsored by the National Science Foundation

• 2013-2017

Tenure and Global Climate Change. Simmons, C. S. (Co-Principal Investigator). Co-PIs: Qi, J., McKeown, C., Kerr, J., Lu, D., Messina, J., Moran, E., Zulu, L., Maxwell, S., Schultink, G., Kassens Noor, E., Nejadhashemi, A. TETRA TECH INC/USAID. $821,435

• 2012-2015

Collaborative Research: Contentious Land Change in the Eastern Amazon. Simmons, C. S., Aldrich, S., Arima, E., Walker, R. T. National Science Foundation, Geography and Spatial Sciences Program. $157,529

• 2010-2014

Globalization: Socio-economic, Political, and Environmental Interdependence. Simmons, C. S. (Project Leader, Lead Principal Investigator). Co-PIs: Aldrich, S. (Indiana State University), Schneider, H. (Federal University of Pará – UFPA), Almeida, G. (Federal University of Bahia – UFBA). US-Brazil Higher Education Consortia Program, jointly administered by U.S. Department of Education Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE), and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), Brazilian Ministry of Education. $493,000

• 2010-2011

The Transamazon at 40: A Generation Comes of Age. Simmons, C. S. (Co-Principal Investigator). Walker, R.T. National Science Foundation. $7,000

• 2005-2008

Collaborative Research: Brazil’s Direct Action Land Reform: Spatial Strategies and Environmental Effects. Simmons, C. S. (Project Leader, Lead Principal Investigator). Co-PIs: Walker, R. T., Qi, J., Perz, S. G. National Science Foundation. $250,000

• 2000-2001

Historical Landcover Dynamics for the Chicago Study Region: A Geographic Information System. Simmons, C. S. (Principal Investigator). National Academy of Sciences. $7,850

• 1995-1997

Small Producer Forestry: A Comparative Study of Panama and Brazil. Simmons, C. S. (Co-Principal Investigator). Co-PIs: Walker, R. T. United States Forest Service. $24,989

Recent Publications

Fung, C. Y., B. G. Peter, and C. S. Simmons. 2023. Habitat Mapping and Spatiotemporal Overlap of the Amazon River Dolphin, Fishers, and Tourism in the Central Region of the Brazilian Amazon. Conservation 3 (4):523–542.

Roberto, S.; B. Roxana; K. Aldebaro; A. Malky; A. C. Oliveira Fiorini; A. M. Durán Calisto; A. Abelem; C. Simmons; L. Chermont; M. Okamura; et al. December 2023. A New Infrastructure for the Amazon Policy Brief Science Panel for the Amazon. DOI: 10.55161/YJZH4639

Almeida, R. da C., C. N. da Silva, J. M. P. da Silva, A. de C. A. Antunes, C. S. Simmons, and D. A. S. Soares. 2023. Large Mining Projects and Socio-Environmental Impacts: Economic and Socio-Environmental Dynamics in Barcarena (Pará, Brazil). Journal of Service Science and Management 16 (5):567–591.

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside. 2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-7: política fundiária olhando para frente. Amazônia Real, 04/12/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-7-politica-fundiaria-olhando-para-frente/

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside. 2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-6: legitimação da apropriação de terras. Amazônia Real, 04/05/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-6-legitimacao-da-apropriacao-de-terras/

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside. 2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-5: reivindicações de terras ilegais. Amazônia Real, 03/30/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-5-reivindicacoes-de-terras-ilegais/

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside. 2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-4: analisando ilegalidade. Amazônia Real, 03/23/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-4-analisando-ilegalidade/

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside.  2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-3: Conjuntos de dados. Amazônia Real, 03/14/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-3-conjuntos-de-dados/

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside. 2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-2: Modos de apropriação da terra. Amazônia Real, 03/06/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-2-modos-de-apropriacao-da-terra/

Carrero, G.C., R.T. Walker, C.S. Simmons & P.M. Fearnside. 2023. Grilagem de terras na Amazônia brasileira-1: Introdução à série. Amazônia Real, 02/28/2023. https://amazoniareal.com.br/grilagem-de-terras-na-amazonia-brasileira-1-introducao-a-serie/

Simmons, C., Astier, M.; Walker, R., Navia-Antezana, J.F., Gao, Y., Galván-Miyoshi, Y., Klooster, D. Forest Transition and Fuzzy Environments in Neoliberal Mexico. Land 2023, 12, 840. https://doi.org/10.3390/land12040840

Carrero, G. C., R. T. Walker, C. S. Simmons, and P. M. Fearnside. 2022. Land grabbing in the Brazilian Amazon: Stealing public land with government approval. Land Use Policy :106133

Galvan-Miyoshi Y, CS Simmons, R Walker, GA Osorio, P Arturo, E Maldonado-Simán, B Warf, M Astier, M Waylen. 2022 Globalized supply chains: Emergent telecouplings in Mexico’s beef economy and environmental leakages. Global Environmental Change. 74:102486

G. C. Carrero, G. C., C. S.Simmons, and R. T. Walker. 2022. The great Amazon land grab – how Brazil’s government is turning public land private, clearing the way for deforestation. The Conversation.

Antunes A, Simmons CS, Veiga JP. 2021. Non-Timber Forest Products and the Cosmetic Industry: An Econometric Assessment of Contributions to Income in the Brazilian Amazon. Land: 10(6):588. https://doi.org/10.3390/land10060588

Astier M, Orozco-Ramírez Q, Walker R, Galván-Miyoshi Y, González-Esquivel C, Simmons CS. Post-NAFTA Changes in Peasant Land Use—The Case of the Pátzcuaro Lake Watershed Region in the Central-West México. Land. 2020; 9(3):75.

Walker, R. T., A. A. Carrara, C. S. Simmons, and M. I. Irigaray. Indigenous people may be the Amazon’s last hope(opens in new tab). The Conversation.

Aldrich SP, Simmons CS, Arima E, Walker RT, Michelotti F, Castro E. 2020. Agronomic or contentious land change? A longitudinal analysis from the Eastern Brazilian Amazon(opens in new tab). PLoS ONE 15(1): e0227378.

Walker, R. T., C. Simmons, E. Arima, Y. Galvan-Miyoshi, A. Antunes, M. Waylen, and M. Irigaray. 2019. Avoiding Amazonian Catastrophes: Prospects for Conservation in the 21st Century(opens in new tab). One Earth 1 (2):202–215.

C.S. Simmons, R. Walker, S. Aldrich, E. Arima, E. Castro, F. Michelotti, M. Waylen, A. Antunes. 2019. Discipline and Develop: Destruction of the Brazil Nut Forest in the Lower Amazon Basin(opens in new tab). Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 109, 242–265. 23 pages.

C. S. Simmons, L. Famolare, M. Maceido, R, T. Walker, M. Coe, E. Arima, D. Valle, R. Munoz Carpena, B. Scheffers, C. Fraisee, D. Juhn, M. Diniz, M. Diniz, C. Szlafsztein, C. Ruiz, R Pereira, G. Rocha, O. Canto, M. Waylen, A. Antunes. 2018. Science in Support of Amazonian Conservation In The 21st Century(opens in new tab). Biotropica. 50, 850–858. 8 pages.

Walker, R. T., and C. S. Simmons. 2018. “Endangered Amazon: An Indigenous Tribe Fights Back Against Hydropower Development in the Tapajós Valley(opens in new tab).” Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 60 (2): 4–15.

Pereira, R., C. S. Simmons, and R.T. Walker. 2017. Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment(opens in new tab). In Section 2, Changing Land Use, Changing Livelihoods, Eds. Claudia A. Radel and Jacqueline M. MDPI Books: Basel, Switzerland.

Pereira, R., C. S. Simmons, and R.T. Walker. 2016. Smallholders, Agrarian Reform, and Globalization in the Brazilian Amazon: Cattle versus the Environment(opens in new tab). Land, 5(3), 24. doi:10.3390/land5030024

Simmons, C. S., Walker, R., Messina, J., Arima, E., and S. Perz. 2016. Spatial Patterns of Frontier Settlement: Balancing Conservation and Development(opens in new tab). Journal of Latin American Geography, 15(1), 33-58.

Liu, J., Hull, V., Batistella, M., DeFries, R., Dietz, T., Fu, F., Hertel, T., Izaurralde, R.C., Lambin, E.F., Li, S., Martinelli, L. A., McConnell, W., Moran, E., Naylor, R., Ouyang, Z., Polenske, K., Reenberg, A., Rocha, G.M., Simmons, C. S., Verburg, P., Vitousek, P., Zhang, F. and C. Zhu. 2013. Framing Sustainability in a Telecoupled World(opens in new tab). Acta Ecologica Sinica 36(23).

Aldrich, S., Walker, R., Simmons, C. S., Caldas, M., and S. Perz. 2012. Contentious Land Change in Amazônia’s Arc of Deforestation(opens in new tab). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 102(1): 103-128.

Pereira, R. and C. S. Simmons. 2012. Determinants of Cattle Expansion in Agrarian Reform Areas in the Brazilian Amazon: A Case Study of the South of Para. Latin American and Caribbean Environmental Economics Program(opens in new tab), Working Paper Series. WP 44 (November 2012): 1-35.

Walker, R., Simmons, C. S., Aldrich, S, Perz, S. and E. Arima. 2011. The Amazonian Theater of Cruelty(opens in new tab). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 101(5): 1156-1170..

Walker, R., Perz, S., Arima. E., and Simmons, C. S. 2011. The Transamazon Highway: Past, Present, and Future(opens in new tab), pp. 569-600 in Engineering Earth: The Impacts of Megaengineering Projects. S. Brunn (ed.). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Leite, F., Caldas, M. M., Simmons, C. S., Perz, S. G., Aldrich, S. P. and R. T. Walker. 2011. The Social Viability and Environmental Sustainability of Direct Action Land Reform Settlements in the Amazon(opens in new tab). Environment, Development, and Sustainability 13(4): 773-788.

Perz, S. G., Simmons, C. S., Walker, R. T., Caldas, M. M., Leite, F. and S. Aldrich. 2010. Intraregional Migration, Direct Action Land Reform, and New Land Settlements in the Brazilian Amazon(opens in new tab). Bulletin of Latin American Research 29(4): 459-476.

Caldas, M. M., Simmons, C. S., Walker, R. T., Perz, S. G., Aldrich, S., Pereira, R., Leite, F. and E. Arima. 2010. Settlement Formation and Land Cover and Land Use Change: A Case Study in the Brazilian Amazon(opens in new tab). Journal of Latin American Geography 9(1): 125-144.

Simmons, C. S., Walker, R., Perz, S., Aldrich, S., Caldas, M., Pereira, R., Fernandes, C., and E. Arima. 2010. Doing it for themselves: Direct Action Land Reform in the Brazilian Amazon(opens in new tab), World Development 38(3): 429-444.

Simmons, C. S., Walker, R., Arima, E. Y., Aldrich, S. P., and Caldas, M. 2008. A Guerra Amazônica pela Terra no Sul do Pará. In Sociedade, Território e Conflitos: BR-163 em Questão. E. Castro, ed., pp. 85 – 146. Belém, PA: NAEA, UFPA.

Walker, R., Moore, N., Arima, E., Perz, S., Simmons, C. S., Caldas, M., Vergara, D., and C. Bohrer. 2009. Protecting Amazônia with Protected Areas(opens in new tab), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(26): 10582–10586.

Walker, R. T., Browder, J.O., Arima, E., Simmons, C. S., Pereira, R., Caldas, M., Shirota, R., and S. Zen. 2009. Ranching and the new global range: Amazônia in the 21st century(opens in new tab). Geoforum 40: 732-745.

Simmons, C. S., Walker, R.T., Arima, E. Y., Aldrich, S., and M. M. Caldas. 2007. The Amazon Land War in the South of Pará(opens in new tab). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(3): 567-592.

Arima, E., Simmons, C. S., Walker, R.T., and M. Cochrane. 2007. Fire in the Brazilian Amazon: simulating the impact of road paving, cattle exports, and conservation units’ implementation(opens in new tab). Journal of Regional Science 47(3): 541-567.

Caldas, M. M, Walker, R.T., Arima, E., Perz, S., Aldrich, S., Simmons, C. S., and C. Wood. 2007. Theorizing Land Use and Land Cover Change: The Peasant Economy of Amazonian Deforestation(opens in new tab). Annals of the Association of American Geographers 97(1): 86-110.

Simmons, C. S., Caldas, M., Aldrich, S., Walker, R. T., and S. Perz. 2007. Spatial Processes in Scalar Context: Development and Security in the Brazilian Amazon(opens in new tab). Journal of Latin American Geography 6 (1): 125-148.

Machemer, P. L., Simmons, C. S., and R. T. Walker. 2006. Refining Landscape Change Models Through Outlier Analysis in the Muskegon Watershed of Michigan(opens in new tab). Landscape Research 31(3): 277-294.

Simmons, C. S. 2005. Territorializing Land Conflict: Space, Place, and Contentious Politics in the Brazilian Amazon(opens in new tab). Geojournal 64: 307-317.

Simmons, C. S., Walker, R.T., and Wood, C., Arima, E., and M. Cochrane. 2004. Wildfires in Amazonia: A Pilot Study Examining the Role of Farming Systems, Social Capital, and Fire Contagion(opens in new tab). Journal of Latin American Geography 3(1): 81-96.

Simmons, C. S. 2004. The Political Economy of Land Conflict in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 94(1): 183-206.

Educational Background

• PhD in Geography, Florida State University, 1999
• M.S. in Urban and Regional Planning, Florida State University, 1995
• M.A. in International Affairs, Latin American Studies, Florida State University, 1993
• B.A. in Communications, Pre-Law, and Latin American Studies, Florida State University, 1990

Current Graduate Students

PhD

• Aghane De Carvalho Antunes
• Neha Kohli
• Michael Waylen

Recent Graduate Students

• Dr. Alexandra Sabo (Ph.D., 2021, UF)
• Dr. Aline Carrara (Ph.D., 2020, UF)
• Dr. Maira Irigaray Castro (Ph.D., 2020, UF)
• Aghane De Carvalho Antunes (M.S., 2019, UF)
• Dr. Cadi Fung (Ph.D., 2019, MSU)
• Michael Waylen (M.A., 2017, UF)
• Dr. Ritaumaria Pereira (Ph.D., 2012, MSU)
• Audrey Joslin (M.S., 2008, MSU)